Copper Data Cable Explained - What is the best cable to suit my needs?

In today's digitally-driven world, data transmission is the backbone of virtually every operation. From CCTV installations to enterprise IT infrastructures, the cables that carry our data are crucial for efficient and reliable communication. Among these, copper data cables stand out for their proven performance and low-cost compared to alternatives such as fibre. This blog delves into the intricacies of copper data cables, exploring their types, codes, and applications.

What Are Copper Data Cables?

Copper data cables are electrical cables that use copper conductors to transmit data. Known for their excellent conductivity and durability, these cables are a staple in networking and telecommunications. Copper cables come in various forms, each suited to specific needs and environments.

When discussing copper data cables, the type of core can make a huge difference in the performance and longevity of the installation. CCA (Copper Clad Aluminium) for example is constructed using aluminium wire which is then coated in copper. This process is significantly cheaper for the manufacturer, but results in a cable that is brittle and has a very poor bend radius. When choosing cable for networking or CCTV, we would always recommend selecting cable with either a solid copper core, or tinned copper (a solid copper core with a tin coating to add a layer of protection corrosion, oxidization, and the detrimental impact of high temperatures). At Connectec, we only stock solid copper or tinned copper cables, so quality can be guaranteed.

Types of Copper Data Cable

Coaxial (Coax) Cable

Coaxial cables, commonly known as coax cables, are used to transmit signals for various types of communications, including television, internet, and radio. They consist of a central conductor, an insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer insulating layer. The primary types of coaxial cables vary based on their applications, construction, and impedance. Here are the main types:

Ethernet Cable

Ethernet cables, also known as network cables or LAN cables, are used to connect devices within a local area network (LAN). They come in various categories, each designed for specific speeds, distances, and performance levels. Here are the main types:

Ethernet Cable Shielding Types

Unshielded Ethernet cables are susceptible to interference from sources such as power cables or electronic devices. This generally isn't a problem in less demanding environments such as home installations, but in areas of high EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference) and RFI (Radio Frequency Interreference), such as data centres or industrial estates, a shielded cable may be required. Here are the main types:

Types of Sheathing

The sheathing of Ethernet cables provides physical protection and environmental resistance to the internal wires. Different types of sheathing are designed to address specific environmental conditions, mechanical stresses, and installation requirements. Here are the main types of sheathing found on Ethernet cables:

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

• Characteristics: Flexible, cost-effective, and commonly used for general-purpose indoor applications.
• Usage: Ideal for most indoor networking installations in homes and offices.
• Pros:
  • Affordable and readily available
  • Flexible and easy to install
• Cons:
  • Releases toxic fumes when burned, making it unsuitable for plenum spaces

LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen)

• Characteristics: Made from materials that emit limited smoke and no halogen when exposed to high heat or fire.
• Usage: Used in confined spaces where ventilation is limited, such as tunnels, subways, and aircraft.
• Pros:
  • Produces minimal smoke and toxic gases
  • Environmentally friendly and safer for human health
• Cons:
  • More expensive than PVC
  • Less flexible than PVC

Outdoor (PE)

• Characteristics: UV-resistant and waterproof, designed to withstand outdoor environmental conditions.
• Usage: Suitable for outdoor installations, such as connecting buildings or providing network connections in outdoor settings.
• Pros:
  • Durable and weather-resistant
  • Often includes a protective gel or foil shield to prevent moisture ingress
• Cons:
  • More rigid and difficult to handle than indoor cables

Direct Burial

• Characteristics: Very durable and water-resistant, designed to be buried directly in the ground without additional conduit protection.
• Usage: Ideal for underground installations.
• Pros:
  • Resistant to moisture, chemicals, and physical damage
  • Can be buried without additional protection
• Cons:
  • Typically more expensive and less flexible

SWA (Steel Wire Armoured)

• Characteristics: Extremely durable and water-resistant, designed to be buried directly in the ground without additional conduit protection. Cable pairs protected with steel wires that wrap around them. Can withstand forces such as spade strikes.
• Usage: Ideal for underground installations.
• Pros:
  • Resistant to moisture, chemicals, and physical damage
  • Can be buried without additional protection
  • Extremely durable
• Cons:
  • Typically more expensive and less flexible
  • Difficult to terminate with RJ45 connectors
  • Very heavy

Conclusion

Copper data cables remain a cornerstone of modern data communication, balancing performance, cost, and reliability. Understanding the different types of copper cables, their standards, and applications is crucial for making informed decisions in networking and IT infrastructure design. Whether you are setting up a home network or managing a large data centre, selecting the right copper cable ensures efficient and dependable data transmission.

Connectec offer a huge range of copper data cables to suit all needs. If you are unsure of the best cable to suit your needs, or if you'd like more information about any of the products we stock, why not get in contact and speak with one of our technical experts today?